Genetic Disorders: Understanding the Four Main Types

Mutations and Hereditary Diseases

Genetic disorders stem from harmful changes in genes, also known as pathogenic mutations. These abnormalities in the genome are passed down from parents to children, affecting generations within a family.

Types of Genetic Mutations

There are four primary types of genetic mutations:

• Single-gene mutations: Isolated changes within a single gene.
• Chromosomal mutations: Structural abnormalities in chromosomes.
• Mitochondrial mutations: Changes in mitochondrial DNA, which is inherited only from the mother.
• Polygenic mutations: Complex disorders resulting from variations in multiple genes.